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Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant earldom and the oldest extant peerage in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used (along with the Earldom of Surrey) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title. It was created in 1138, for the Norman baron Sir William d'Aubigny. Until the mid-13th century, the earls were also frequently known as Earl of Sussex, until this title fell into disuse. At about the same time, the earldom fell to the originally Breton FitzAlan Family, a younger branch of which went on to become the Stuart Family, which later ruled Scotland. A tradition arose that the holder of Arundel Castle should automatically be Earl of Arundel, and this was formally confirmed by King Henry VI. However, this was not always followed. Some of the Lords of Arundel were never addressed as earl during their lifetime, but nevertheless are counted and numbered as earls here. Other sources may not include some of the earls listed below, and may consider the earldom to have been created more than once. In his 1834 book on the Earls of Arundel, M. A. Tierney (chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk) maintains that the first incarnation of the earldom was with the House of Montgomery. Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury was one of William the Conqueror's top generals, and William bestowed on him, amongst several hundred other manors, the property at Arundel, with the charge to fortify it with a castle. Montgomery is believed to have built the motte that survives to this day, and is thought to have built a wooden keep on it, overlooking the river Arun. Montgomery and two of his sons are counted by many as being the first incarnation of the earldom, but are often not counted amongst the earls. In 1580 the 12th Earl, and last FitzAlan to hold the title, died without a male heir.〔(cracoftspeerage.co.uk 12th Earl of Arundel )〕 His daughter Mary FitzAlan had married the attainted 4th Duke of Norfolk,〔(cracoftspeerage.co.uk 4th Duke of Norfolk )〕 and the title now passed to their son, Philip Howard,〔(cracoftspeerage.co.uk 20th Earl of Arundel )〕 and the title was only restored to his son following the accession of King James I.〔(cracoftspeerage.co.uk 21st Earl of Arundel )〕 The 5th Earl of Arundel, the 5th Howard to hold the title, was restored to the principal Howard title of Duke of Norfolk in 1660,〔(cracoftspeerage.co.uk 5th Duke of Norfolk )〕 and the title has descended with that Duchy ever since. In 1842, by Royal Warrant, Henry Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk and 13th Earl of Arundel, and his siblings, assumed the surname FitzAlan-Howard, used by the family line to the present day.〔(cracoftspeerage.co.uk 14th Duke of Norfolk )〕 ==Earls of Arundel (c. 1143)== * William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel (d. 1176) * William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel (d. 1193) * William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel (d. 1221) * William d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of Arundel (d. 1224) * Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel (d. 1243) * John FitzAlan 6th Earl of Arundel (1223–1267) * John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (1246–1272) * Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel (1267-1302), received a writ in 1289, at his majority, summoning him to Parliament; this is thought to perhaps be a creation of another Earldom of Arundel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Earl of Arundel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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